Defining a Role for G-Protein Coupled Receptor/cAMP/CRE-Binding Protein Signaling in Hair Follicle Stem Cell Activation.

Manipulation of adrenergic signaling has been shown experimentally and clinically to affect hair follicle growth. In this study, we provide direct evidence that canonical cAMP/CRE-binding protein signaling through adrenergic receptors can regulate hair follicle stem cell (HFSC) activation and hair cycle. We found that CRE-binding protein activation is regulated through the hair cycle and coincides with HFSC activation. Both isoproterenol and procaterol, agonists of adrenergic receptors, show the capacity to activate the hair cycle in mice. Furthermore, deletion of ADRB2 receptor, which is thought to mediate sympathetic nervous system regulation of HFSCs, was sufficient to block HFSC activation. Downstream, stimulation of adenylyl cyclase with forskolin or inhibition of phosphodiesterase to increase cAMP accumulation or direct application of cAMP was each sufficient to promote HFSC activation and accelerate initiation of hair cycle. Genetic induction of a Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drug allele showed that G-protein coupled receptor/GαS stimulation, specifically in HFSCs, promoted the activation of the hair cycle. Finally, we provide evidence that G-protein coupled receptor/CRE-binding protein signaling can potentially act on HFSCs by promoting glycolytic metabolism, which was previously shown to stimulate HFSC activation. Together, these data provide mechanistic insights into the role of sympathetic innervation on HFSC function.

Lactate dehydrogenase activity drives hair follicle stem cell activation.

Although normally dormant, hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) quickly become activated to divide during a new hair cycle. The quiescence of HFSCs is known to be regulated by a number of intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. Here we provide several lines of evidence to demonstrate that HFSCs utilize glycolytic metabolism and produce significantly more lactate than other cells in the epidermis. Furthermore, lactate generation appears to be critical for the activation of HFSCs as deletion of lactate dehydrogenase (Ldha) prevented their activation. Conversely, genetically promoting lactate production in HFSCs through mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 (Mpc1) deletion accelerated their activation and the hair cycle. Finally, we identify small molecules that increase lactate production by stimulating Myc levels or inhibiting Mpc1 carrier activity and can topically induce the hair cycle. These data suggest that HFSCs maintain a metabolic state that allows them to remain dormant and yet quickly respond to appropriate proliferative stimuli.

O paciente crítico em uma unidade de terapia intensiva: uma revisão da literatura / Critical patient in an intensive care unit: a review of the literature / El paciente en estado crítico internado en la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva: una revisión de literatura

Este estudo fundamenta-se em pesquisa bibliográfica cujo tema definido foi o paciente crítico em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva - UTI, onde se buscou abordar aspectos referentes à visão desse paciente sobre a UTI. O período escolhido para o levantamento bibliográfico compreendeu os últimos 20 anos, ou seja, de 1984 a 2003. As fontes de dados utilizadas foram: LILACS, BDENF e DEDALUS, possibilitando, após uma leitura criteriosa dos resumos e artigos, construir três categorias: Pré-conceito sobre a UTI; A vivência na UTI, aspectos positivos e negativos;UTI: um aprendizado, um retorno? A análise dessas categorias desvelou que os pacientes internados em UTIs falam acerca dos pontos positivos e negativos de sua permanência no setor, focalizando os estressores ambientais (área física, privacidade), físicos (dor) e psicológicos (rejeição, depressão, o medo da morte e a falta da família), assim como pontos diferenciais para a sua recuperação dentro do setor (comunicação, fé e segurança na equipe). Outro destaque refere-se à equipe de enfermagem que precisa rever e refazer o seu exercício profissional pautado no cuidar humano.

This study is a bibliographical review on critical patients in an intensive care unit. The idea was to examine the patient's point of view about the ICU. The period chosen was the last twenty years, that is, 1984 - 2003. The sources used were LILACS, BDENF, DEDALUS. This made it possible to build three categories after a careful reading of the abstracts and articles: Prejudice about the ICU, Living in the ICU, Positive and Negative Aspects, ICU - a learning, a return? These categories showed that the patients in ICUs talk about positive and negative aspects of the sector, focusing on the environmental stresses (premises, privacy), physical (pain), and psychological (rejection, depression, the fear of death and absence of the family), as well as differentiating factors for their recovery in the ICU (communication, faith and trust in the team). Another highlight is the nursing team that must review and rebuild its professional practice based on human care.

Este estudio se ha basado en una investigación bibliográfica cuyo tema es el paciente en estado crítico internado en la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva - UTI y ha buscado enfocar aspectos referentes a la opinión del paciente sobre la UTI. El periodo seleccionado para relevamiento de datos bibliográficos ha incluido los últimos 20 años, o sea de 1984 a 2003. Las fuentes de datos utilizadashan sido: LILACS, BDENF, DEDALUS que, tras una lectura cuidadosa de resúmenes y artículos, ha permitido elaborar tres categorías: PRE-concepto sobre la UTI; La experiencia en la UTI, aspectos positivos y negativos; UTI: ¿un aprendizaje, un regreso? El análisis de tales categorías ha indicado que los pacientes internados en UTIs hablan de los puntos positivos y negativos de su permanencia en dicho sector, apuntando los factores que provocan estrés: los ambientales (áreas físicas, falta de privacidad) físicos (dolor) y psicológicos (rechazo, depresión, miedo a la muerte y ausencia de familiares), así como de otros aspectos para su recuperación dentro del sector (comunicación, fe y confianza en el equipo). También mencionan que el equipo de enfermeros precisa rever y rehacer el ejercicio profesional pautado en el cuidado del ser humano.

Relaçöes sociais entre a equipe de enfermagem e pais de crianças hospitalizadas / Social relations between the nursing team and the parents of hospitalized children

Utilizando-se a entrevista semi-estruturada e a observaçäo assistemática, procura-se identificar os tipos de relaçöes sociais que ocorrem entre a equipe de enfermagem e os pais na visita à criança hospitalizada

[Social relations between the nursing team and the parents of hospitalized children]. / RELAÇÕES SOCIAIS ENTRE A EQUIPE DE ENFERMAGEM E PAIS DE CRIANÇAS HOSPITALIZADAS.

By means of partially structured interviews and assistematic observation, the authors attempt to identify the types of social relations that occur between the nursing team and the parents visiting the hospitalized child.

Uso popular de medicamentos de origem vegetal em lactentes / Popular use of plant drugs in infants

As autoras fazem um estudo exploratório num grupo de mäes com o propósito de identificar fatos que fundamentem o uso popular de plantas medicinais no cuidado de lactantes. Identificam influências sociais, econômicas e culturais envolvidas e descrevem as implicaçöes para a assistência e o ensino de enfermagem

[Popular use of medicinal plants in infancy: implications for nursing]. / USO POPULAR DE MEDICAMENTOS DE ORIGEM VEGETAL EM LACTENTES.

An exploratory study is made by nurses -with a group of mothers with the purpose of identifying reasons for the popular use of medicinal plants by mothers caring for their children within the 0-2 years age range. Influence of the social, economical and cultural factores involved are considered. The implications of this data for nursing care and for teaching it are described.

[Student-centered teaching: an experience told by nursing studentes being taught under this method]. / ENSINO CENTRADO NO ESTUDANTE: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA DE ALUNAS NESTA METODOLOGIA.

Four master's degree nursing students tell of their learning experience in a pediatric nursing program based on student-centered teaching methodology. The students relate their initial doubts about the effectivity of the methodology, the difficulties they encountered in formulating a program to be followed, and their observations of the behavior and the attitudes presented by their teacher-facilitator. In order to attain their particular learning objectives for the program, the group chose to start an experiment involving maternal-child care in a slum area of são Paulo. The students and their teacher worked with mothers and other adults responsible for child care, using nondirective communication In this paper it's possible to identify the different necessary elements for a program The authors believe that the main result of this experiment on them wor theer accomphisment as individuals and as professionals, as well as their own development as persons.

A pesquisa em enfermagem materno-infantil / Research in maternal-child nursing

As autoras procuram, através de uma breve revisäo bibliográfica: observar quais as diretrizes gerais propostas para a pesquisa na área materno-infantil; identificar as pesquisas existentes em enfermagem materno-infantil e publicadas em três fontes bibliográficas, verificando em que área de predomínio se enquadram - assistência, administraçäo ou ensino de Enfermagem; e analisar que tendências as investigaçöes na área estäo seguindo

[Research in maternal-child nursing]. / A PESQUISA EM ENFERMAGEM MATERNO-INFANTIL.

By way of a short bibliographical revision, these authors outline some general directives for research in the maternal-child area of nursing. They identify existing research projects in this area, which are published in three bibliographical sources. They depict the predominance of emphasis in these projects - be it nursing assistance, administration or teaching. The authors also analyse the tendencies that these current investigations seem to be following.